Israel at the Forefront of Alternative Energy

 

Israel at the Forefront of Alternative Energy

 

ISRAEL AT 64: Alternative Energy: Israel at the Forefront
Alternative Energy:
Israel at Forefront of Industry Development
From Electric Cars to Affordable Solar Power, Israel Pioneering
New Technologies

The "Arab Spring" of 2011: A New Israeli Drive Towards Alternative Energy
Israel's Efforts to Promote Alternative Energy Internationally
The First-Ever Electric Car Network
Clean Electricity Produced by the Weight of Traffic
Joint U.S. – Israel Initiatives
Solar Power Energy Systems and Plants
Affordable Solar Power
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives
Wind Turbines
Geothermal Energy
Expert sources on alternative energy

“A Carbon Cost Curve for Israel”: Main findings of a McKinsey & Company study (courtesy Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection, published November 2009)

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Israel has been taking the lead in a number of alternative energy fields aimed at reducing CO2 emissions and promoting the use of renewable energy. It is one of the first countries to actively promote zero-emission electric cars and prepare the infrastructure for mass marketing such vehicles. An Israeli company is currently active in developing and designing efficient solar power plants around the world; Israeli municipalities are contributing to international projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; and in late 2007 Israel and the United States initiated a joint research alternative energy program that was signed into law.

The "Arab Spring" of 2011: A New Israeli Drive Towards Alternative Energy
 

The wave of unrest and revolution gripping the Arab world in 2011, which began with the fall of Tunisian Strongman Ben Ali in January and has since toppled Egyptian long-time President Hosni Mubarak, has dramatically incrased Israel's need for new, non-petroleum types of energy. Developing efficient sources of energy that diminish Israel's dependence on fossil fuels, which are largely found in Arab nations, is now a top priority.
 

To that end, the Israeli government approved a national plan on January 30, 2011 to develop technologies to reduce the global use of oil in transportation. “Oil addiction has led to the Western world’s dependence on the oil countries and significantly damages the environment,” Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu told the Cabinet. “Therefore, the intention is to harness strong research, scientific and technological forces and link them with other bodies,” he added.

In late February 2011, the southern resort city of Eilat hosted a major renewable energy conference to showcase new technologies in the field.

 

Israel’s Efforts to Promote Alternative Energy Internationally
 

Israeli Environmental Protection Minister Gilad Erdan attended the UN Summit on Climate Change in New York on Sept. 22, 2009 where he underscored Israel’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions and implementing a comprehensive strategy for doing so.[1] Erdan said that Israel is encouraging the use of natural gas, solar energy and clean coal technologies.[2]
 

Prior to the UN’s Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in December 2009, Erdan stated that Israel’s alternative energy strategy – based largely on a McKinsey & Company study his ministry commissioned – would put Israel on track to achieving 25 percent reliance on renewable energies. Said Israeli President Shimon Peres at the conference, “Israel is ready and able to serve as an international laboratory on renewable energy and that this is the important message that the Israeli delegation brings to Copenhagen."[3]

In order to meet this goal, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu decided to establish a ministerial committee on renewable energies and reducing oil dependence, comprising representatives from seven cabinet ministries.[4]

The First-Ever Electric Car Network
 

Israel is at the forefront of developing the first electric car network in the world.
 

The Israeli government announced on Jan. 21, 2008 its support of a plan to install the network.[6] Electric cars will reduce the world’s dependency on oil, lower air and noise pollution and eliminate carbon emissions from cars that create greenhouse gases.[7]

Better Place, a company owned by Israeli-American entrepreneur Shai Agassi, will provide lithium-ion batteries to power the cars and the infrastructure to refresh or replace them. One battery will enable the cars to travel 124 miles per charge. Better Place will install parking meter-like plugs on city streets and construct service stations along highways to replace the batteries.[8] Solar technology, being developed in southern Israel, will generate the electricity to power the cars.[9]

The all-electric cars are built by Renault-Nissan and will expand to Denmark, Hawaii, California, Canada and Australia.[10] Renault-Nissan will offer a small number of its existing electric models, such as the “Megane” sedan, at prices roughly comparable to gasoline models.[11] Israel will be the first country to host this technology and was also where the original technology was invented. “Jerusalem will be the first city in the world with this technology,” said Better Place CEO Agassi.[12]

As of March 2011, Israel’s electric car grid project in Israel was on schedule and would be launched commercially later in 2011, according to Better Place. The company aims to have 70-100 vehicle recharging stations in operation, and break even within 24 months of its launch. “Under the Better Place model, consumers can either buy or lease an electric car from the French automaker Renault or Japanese companies like Nissan,” wrote New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, “and then buy miles on their electric car batteries from Better Place the way you now buy an Apple cellphone and the minutes from AT&T.”[14]

Better Place announced the opening of the first electric vehicle demonstration center in Ramat HaSharon, Israel on Feb. 6, 2010. The opening of the center marked another step toward the commercial launch next year in Israel.[15]

To promote this form of environmentally efficient transportation, the Israeli government cut the tax rate on cars powered by electricity to 10 percent (from 79 percent on ordinary cars) to encourage consumers to buy the vehicles once they become available. This initiative will offer consumers an inexpensive car for which they will pay a monthly fee based on expected mileage.[16] The tax breaks for “clean” electric vehicles, which Israel promises to offer until at least 2015, will make the cars cheaper to consumers than gasoline-engine cars. “You’ll be able to get a nice, high-end car at a price roughly half that of the gasoline model today,” Agassi said.[17]

Israeli President Shimon Peres, who actively promoted the project said, “Oil is becoming the greatest problem of our time.” Not only does it pollute, he said, but “it also supports terror and violence from Venezuela to Iran…Israel can’t become a major industrial country, but it can become a daring world laboratory and a pilot plant for new ideas, like the electric car.”[18]

Clean Electricity Produced by the Weight of Traffic
 

An Israeli company, Innowattech, announced in 2009 it had developed an original type of generator that uses the weight of traffic to generate clean electricity. Innowattech’s specially created generator harvests mechanical energy and converts it into electrical energy, according to Innowattech Senior Technologist and Project Manager Dr. Lucy Edery-Azulay. The generators, placed five centimeters below the surface of the road, generate electricity from the pressure of cars driving over them.
 

Said Edery-Azulay, "One kilometer of one lane generates 200 kW per hour, assuming there's enough traffic going by [about 600 cars]," which could generate enough electricity for 250 homes along the road.[19] “The busier the road, the more energy is created,” said Haim Abramovich, CEO and co-founder of Innowattech.[20] Innowattech, located in the city of Ra’anana, was founded in 2007 and is connected with the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa.[21]

Joint U.S. – Israel Initiatives
 

On Nov. 15, 2009 Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger and Israeli Minister of Industry, Trade and Labor Benjamin Ben-Eliezer signed a renewable energy research-and-development cooperation agreement.[22]
 

On Dec.19, 2007, then-President Bush signed into law the American-Israeli joint energy research bill. This bill funds cooperative research and development efforts by the United States and Israel for cultivating renewable and alternative energy sources.[23] Joint research ventures include solar, biomass, wind, geothermal, wave and tidal energy, as well as advanced battery technology and energy efficiency.[24]

U.S. Rep. Brad Sherman, D-Calif., who first presented the legislation to Congress as its sole sponsor, said, “Cutting edge research by top scientists from the United States and Israel could hold the key to reducing our reliance on foreign oil. We must promote efficient use of traditional energy sources as well as research into alternative energy sources.”[25]

Solar Power Energy Systems and Plants
 

In 2009 SolarPower Ltd., an Israeli solar power system integrator and project developer built a 50-kilowatt rooftop solar power system for HP’s Indigo division facility in Kiryat Gat, Israel. SolarPower, along with U.S.-based SunPower Corp., a manufacturer of high-efficiency solar cells, solar panels and solar systems, dedicated the new system on Dec. 21. Construction of this project began in October 2009 based on SolarPower’s design and SunPower’s high-efficiency solar panel technology. Said SolarPower Co-CEO Alon Tamari, “We are very pleased to have completed the first solar power installation for the high-technology industry in Israel.”[26]
 

Solel Solar Systems Ltd., formerly an Israeli company, designed the key components for a new solar energy plant in Nevada that produces 64 megawatts of electricity, enough to power 48,000 homes in the Las Vegas Valley. The plant uses 190,000 curved parabolic mirrors, concentrating desert sunlight to 750 degrees Fahrenheit, in order to heat synthetic oil inside tubes that, in turn, create steam and drive a turbine to produce electricity. These liquid tubes or “solar receivers” are specially coated glass and steel vacuum tubes designed and produced by Solel Solar Systems Ltd. with Schott North America Inc. of Elmsford, N.Y. The new plant uses about 19,300 of these 13-foot (four-meter) receivers.[27]

Solel was acquired by Siemens in late 2009 for around $418 million.[28] In November 2009 Siemens introduced the UVAC 2010 (Universal Vacuum Air Collector), which increases thermal heat production beyond currently available levels by absorbing optimal amounts of solar energy and converting it into heat. This new technology is expected to increase cost-effectiveness for those involved in solar field development.[29] Solel and Pacific Gas and Electric together acquired a $2 billion contract in July 2007 to build the world’s largest solar energy park in California by 2011 that will provide enough electricity for 400,000 homes and stretch over 6,000 acres (23 sq. km.). It will use 1.2 million mirrors and 317 miles of vacuum tubing to harness the power of the desert sun, delivering 553 megawatts of clean energy.[30]

Since 1992, Solel’s technology has been powering nine solar power stations in California that generate 350 megawatts of electricity.[31]

Israel is likewise increasing its domestic solar power operations. In February 2008, the Israeli government issued a tender for the construction of two solar energy plants in the southern Negev desert. The two plants will supply 250 megawatts of electricity, equivalent to three percent of Israel's electricity consumption. These new plants, along with 300 megawatts from wind power, will permit Israel to produce 600 megawatts of renewable energy by 2011-2012.[32]

Affordable Solar Power
 

Curved Parabolic Mirrors
Bar-Ilan University nanotechnology expert Professor Arie Zaban has invented a photovoltaic cell that could dramatically reduce the cost of producing electricity from solar power. Zaban, who heads The Nanotechnology Institute at Bar-Ilan, says that the cells, which are composed of metallic wires mounted on conductive glass, can form the basis of solar cells that produce electricity with efficiency similar to that of conventional, silicon-based cells while being much cheaper to make.[33] 3GSolar (formerly Orionsolar),[34] a Jerusalem-based company that has entered into a partnership with Bar-Ilan University, is developing commercial applications for inexpensive, dye-based photovoltaic cells based on Zaban’s work.[35]
 

International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives
 

In February 2008, mayors from 15 Israeli cities joined the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives’ Cities for Climate Protection Campaign, committing to reduce 20 percent of greenhouse emissions in their cities by 2020.[36] Goals for these cities, consisting of 3 million citizens (40 percent of Israel’s total population), include reducing gas emissions from factories, encouraging recycling and developing more environmentally friendly public transport.

Wind Turbines
 

Wind Turbines
Israeli executives Shlomo Shmeltzer and Dr. Eli Ben-Dov, along with Epcon Industries, aim to build a wind-turbine farm that will generate 50 megawatts of power in Israel’s southern Arava region. Together, the two men also installed 100 megawatts of turbines in northern Israel.[37]
 

Geothermal Energy
 

Israel’s Ormat group is doing pioneering work in another alternative field of energy, geothermal energy. The geothermal plants harness steam, heat or hot water from geysers or hot springs on the earth's surface to produce electricity. Ormat operates 11 geothermal power plants in five countries, providing 360 megawatts of power to 500,000 people.
 

Despite the absence of formal diplomatic ties between Indonesia and Israel,[38] Indonesia’s state electric company awarded Ormat, along with two other companies, a tender in July 2006 to construct a new 340-megawatt geothermal power project on the island of Sumatra. It will be the largest such facility in history.[39] Years-long negotiations between the government and the local developer over electricity price revisions have delayed work on the project, and in 2010 the Indonesian government slashed by 18 percent its anticipated energy from geothermal sources.[40]

Meanwhile, a consortium including Ormat is competing against another consortium for a bid to build another geothermal plant, also on Sumatra.[41]

Expert sources on alternative energy
 

Alternative Energy, U.S.
Dr. Gal Luft
Executive Director, Institute for the Analysis of Global Security
Tel.: 202-271-0531
E-mail: luft@iags.org
Web site: http://www.iags.org/galluft.htm

Environment, Climate Change, Global Warming, Air Pollution, Israel

Yohay Carmel, Ph.D.
Senior Lecturer, Head Researcher
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Division of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
Tel.: 972-4-829-2609
E-mail: yohay@tx.technion.ac.il
Web site: http://envgis.technion.ac.il/

David Broday
Assoc. Professor
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Division of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering
Tel.: 972-4-829-3468
Fax: 972-4-822-8898
E-mail: dbroday@tx.technion.ac.il
Web site: http://envexp.technion.ac.il/

Alternative Energy Companies/Commissions, U.S.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1617 Cole Blvd.
Golden, CO 80401-3393
USA
Tel.: (Main): 1-303-275-3000
Tel.: (Photovoltaics): 1-303-384-6491
Tel.: Public Affairs: 1-303-275-4090

California Energy Commission
Media & Communications Office
1516 Ninth Street, MS-29
Sacramento, CA 95814
USA
Tel.: 1-916-654-4989
E-mail: mediaoffice@energy.state.ca.us

Government Experts

Israel:

Israeli President Shimon Peres
Address: 3 Hanassi Street, Jerusalem, 92188 Israel
Tel.: 972-2-670-7211
Fax: 972-2-5611033
E-mail: president@president.gov.il

Media Advisor to the President Ayelet Frish
Tel.: 972-2-670-7256
Cell: 972-50-620-5111
Fax: 972-2-670-7295
E-mail: ayeletf@president.gov.il

United States:

U.S. Rep. Brad Sherman
Washington, D.C. Office
2242 Rayburn Building
Washington, DC 20515-0524
Tel.: 1-202-225-5911
Fax: 1-202-225-5879

San Fernando Valley Office
5000 Van Nuys Blvd.
Suite 420
Sherman Oaks, CA 91403
Phone: 1-818-501-9200
Fax: 1-818-501-1554

Expert on Solar Thermal Energy Storage

Dr. Roman Adinberg
Weizmann Institute of Science
Solar Research Facilities
E-mail: Roman.Adinberg@weizmann.ac.il
Tel.: 972-8-934-3779
Fax: 972-8-934-4117
Office: Canadian Institute for the Energies and Applied Research 303

Expert on Fossil Fuel

Professor Zeev Aizenshtat
Hebrew University
Chemistry Department
Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Tel.: 972-2-658-5561
Fax: 972-2-652-8250
E-mail zeev@vms.huji.ac.il

Expert on Nuclear Energy

Dr. Abraham Dayan
Tel Aviv University
School of Mechanical Engineering
The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering
Ramat Aviv 69978
Israel
Tel.: 972-3-640-8443
Fax: 972-3-642-9540
E-mail: dayan@eng.tau.ac.il

Expert on Solar Power

Sergey Biryukov
Ben-Gurion National Solar Energy Center
Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics
Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
BGU, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
Tel.: 972-8-659-6737
Fax: 972-8-659-6736
E-mail: beryokov@bgu.ac.il

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Footnotes:

[1] Waldoks, Ehud Zion, “Israel can be ‘knowledge center’ for climate-change adaptation technology, Erdan tells summit,” The Jerusalem Post, Sept. 23, 2009,
http://www.jpost.com/HealthAndSci-Tech/Article.aspx?id=155705

[2] Waldoks, Ehud Zion, “Israel can be ‘knowledge center’ for climate-change adaptation technology, Erdan tells summit,” The Jerusalem Post, Sept. 23, 2009,
http://www.jpost.com/HealthAndSci-Tech/Article.aspx?id=155705

[3] “Copenhagen Climate Change Conference: The Israeli Perspective,” Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection, Dec. 23, 2009,
http://www.sviva.gov.il/Enviroment/bin/en.jsp?enPage=e_BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=Object&enDispWho=News^l4902&enZone=e_news

[4] “Copenhagen Climate Change Conference: The Israeli Perspective,” Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection, Dec. 23, 2009,
http://www.sviva.gov.il/Enviroment/bin/en.jsp?enPage=e_BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=Object&enDispWho=News^l4902&enZone=e_news

[5] Kalman, Matthew, “Desert revolution,” The Express, Jan. 19, 2010, accessed via Lexis-Nexis

[6] “Israel vows to introduce electric cars by 2011,” AP via MSNBC, Jan. 21, 2008,
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22783747/

[7] Kalman, Matthew, “Desert revolution,” The Express, Jan. 19, 2010, accessed via Lexis-Nexis

[8] Erlanger, Steven. “Israel Is Set to Promote the Use of Electric Cars,” The New York Times, Jan. 21, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/21/world/middleeast/21israel.html?_r=2&pagewanted=print&oref=slogin&oref=slogin

[9] Kalman, Matthew, “Desert revolution,” The Express, Jan. 19, 2010, accessed via Lexis-Nexis

[10] Kalman, Matthew, “Desert revolution,” The Express, Jan. 19, 2010, accessed via Lexis-Nexis

[11] Erlanger, Steven. “Israel Is Set to Promote the Use of Electric Cars,” The New York Times, Jan. 21, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/21/world/middleeast/21israel.html?_r=2&pagewanted=print&oref=slogin&oref=slogin

[12] Kalman, Matthew, “Desert revolution,” The Express, Jan. 19, 2010, accessed via Lexis-Nexis

[13] “Electric Car Network On Schedule,” BMI Middle East and Africa Automotive Insights, March 1, 2010, accessed via Lexis-Nexis

[14] Friedman, Thomas L., “While Detroit Slept,” The New York Times, Dec. 9, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/10/opinion/10friedman.html

[15] Mullins, Julie; Krispin, Shiri, “Better Place opens first electric vehicle demonstration center,” Better Place press release, Feb. 6, 2010,
http://www.betterplace.com/company/press-release-detail/better-place-opens-first-electric-vehicle-demonstration-center/

[16] Sandler, Neal, “Israel: Cradle of the Electric Car,” BusinessWeek, Jan. 25, 2008,
http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jan2008/gb20080125_533039.htm; Erlanger, Steven. “Israel Is Set to Promote the Use of Electric Cars,” The New York Times, Jan. 21, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/21/world/middleeast/21israel.html?_r=2&pagewanted=print&oref=slogin&oref=slogin

[17] Erlanger, Steven, “Israel is embracing the electric car on a wide scale,” International Herald Tribune, Jan. 21, 2008,
http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/01/21/business/cars.php

[18] Erlanger, Steven, “Israel Is Set to Promote the Use of Electric Cars,” The New York Times, Jan. 21, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/21/world/middleeast/21israel.html?pagewanted=print

[19] “Can we generate electricity as we drive? Israeli company announces it has invented a device that does just that,” The Jerusalem Post, Aug. 10, 2009,
http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=156956

[20] Pfeiffer, Alice, “Crystals that turn pressure into power; Special Report: Business of Green,” The International Herald Tribune, Sept. 3, 2009, accessed via Lexis-Nexis

[21] Pfeiffer, Alice, “Crystals that turn pressure into power; Special Report: Business of Green,” The International Herald Tribune, Sept. 3, 2009, accessed via Lexis-Nexis

[22] Koren, Hillel, “California, Israel to collaborate on renewable energy,” Globes, November 15, 2009, accessed via Lexis-Nexis

[23] Krieger, Hilary Leila, “US to fund joint research with Israel,” The Jerusalem Post, Dec. 20, 2007, http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?c=JPArticle&cid=1196847385537&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull

[24] Bush inks energy bill with Israel grant,” JTA, Dec. 18, 2007,
http://www.jta.org/cgi-bin/iowa/breaking/105976.html

[25] Congressman Brad Sherman's Office, Michael Briggs, 202-225-5911,
Michael.Briggs@mail.house.gov

[26] Tamari, Alon, “SunPower and SolarPower Ltd. Dedicate 50-Kilowatt Solar Power System for HP in Israel,” SunPower Corporation, Dec. 21, 2009,
http://investors.sunpowercorp.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=431556

[27] Illia, Tony, “Green Light: Nevada's Largest Solar Power Plant Opens,” Web site of Southwest Contractor, retrieved on Feb. 12, 2008,
http://southwest.construction.com/features/archive/0706_feature4.asp

[28] Benzinger, Alfons, “Siemens to decisively strengthen its position in the growth market solar thermal power,” Siemens press release, Oct. 15, 2009,
http://www.solel.com/files/press-pr/Siemens.pdf

[29] Kleinermann, Kenny, Siemens Introduces next generation solar receiver to increase the thermal output of solar thermal power plants,” Siemens Press Release, Nov. 11, 2009,
http://www.solel.com/files/press-pr/uvac-2010.pdf

[30] Tugend, Tom, “Israeli firm Solel contracts to build world's largest solar park in California,” The Jerusalem Post, July 29, 2007,
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1185379029251&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull

[31] Sandler, Neal, “Israeli Solar Startup Shines,” BusinessWeek, Feb. 14, 2006, http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/feb2006/tc20060214_533101.htm?campaign_id=rss_tech

[32] “Israel to hold tender for solar energy plants,” Reuters, Feb. 10, 2008, http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKL1033616220080210

[33] Siegel, Judy, “Israeli photovoltaic cells to produce inexpensive electricity,” The Jerusalem Post, Sept. 5, 2007, republished on Web site of Israel 21c,
http://www.israel21c.org/bin/en.jsp?enDispWho=Articles%5El1767&enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enVersion=0&enZone=Technology

[34] Goldstein, Dr. Jonathan; Yakupov, Dr. Ilya; Breen, Barry, “RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DYE SOLAR CELLS AT 3GSOLAR,” 3GSolar Web site,
http://3gsolar.com/NewsItem.aspx?ID=26, accessed March 18, 2010

[35] Siegel, Judy, “Israeli photovoltaic cells to produce inexpensive electricity,” The Jerusalem Post, Sept. 5, 2007, republished on Web site of Israel 21c, http://www.israel21c.org/bin/en.jsp?enDispWho=Articles%5El1767&enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enVersion=0&enZone=Technology

[36] Ivri-Darel, Yael “While government wavers, Israel’s cities combat pollution,” Ynetnews, Feb. 3, 2008, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3501178,00.html

[37] Bar-Eli, Avi, “Business in Brief: Shmeltzer wants to build $100 million wind turbine power project in the Arava,” Haaretz, Feb. 12, 2008,
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/953121.html

[38] “Markets in brief,” Haaretz, Jan. 18, 2010,
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1157288.html

[39] “Ormat Industries – Israeli energy pioneer,” Web site of the Israel Export & International Cooperation Institute, Nov. 23, 2006,
http://www.export.gov.il/Eng/_Articles/Article.asp?ArticleID=4700&CategoryID=818

[40] “Indonesia cuts capacity of planned geothermal plants,” Reuters, Jan. 26, 2010, http://in.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idINTRE60P2FP20100126?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0

[41] “Markets in brief,” Haaretz, Jan. 18, 2010,
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1157288.html